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英语语法:什么是独立主格结构 |
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什么是独立主格结构？
独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介 词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
1.独立主格结构的特点
(1)主格结构必须有两个分句，一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使 用任何连接词。
(2)后两分句的主语一致时，独立主格部分省去主语。
(3)后两分句的主语不一致时，那么两个主语都要保留。如：
He came in the room，his clog followed him.
(4)主格部分的动作如果是主动的，那么就要用动名词，如果是被动的用过去 分詞。如：
He coming in the room，his clog followed him.
He came in the room，followed by his dog.
他进屋时，他的狗紧随其后。
(5)时间差的独立主格结构中，主动形式只能用having+过去分词，被动形式只能用having been +过去分词。如：
Having watered the vegetables，the farmer took a short rest.
给蔬菜浇完水，这位农民休息了一会。
Having been given such a good chance，how could she give it up?
既然得到这样一个好机会，她怎么可能放弃呢？
(6)主格结构的否定形式，not—定要放在having之前。如：
(Not) Having dressed myself，I went to the office.
我（没）穿好衣服就去了办公室。
(7)时间差的独立主格结构中，having前面绝对不能出现before或after，它们 不能同时出现。
比较：
Having dressed myself， I went to the office.
Before/ After having dressed myself，I went to the office.
我穿好衣服前（后）就去了办公室。
Before/ After dressing myself I went to the office. = Having been dressed，I went to the office.
2.独立主格结构的用法它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等xvc87ku，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
(1)作时间状语
The work done ( = After the work had been done)，we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
(2)作条件状语
Weather permitting ( = If weather permits) they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
Given her age，she really did a good job in such a short time.
考虑到她的年龄，在如此短的时间内她确实做得不错。
(3)作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow ( = As an important lecture will be given tomorrow)，the professor has to stay up late into the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
(4)作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head( = and his hands were crossed under his head).
他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
(5)表补充说明
A hunter came in，his face red with cold ( = and his face was red with cold).
一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
【注】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句， 通常放于句末。
上文是关于什么是独立主格结构和独立主格结构特点的例句说明！本文转载于：尚语国际语言村 http://www.shsunnyu.com/about.shtml |
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