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英语语法:强调结构讲解 |
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1.Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.
【参考译文】人类长期受制于洪水和干旱，或许正是这种痛苦才使得制服水患的想法如此令人兴奋。
【结构分析】 Perhaps it is humankind‘s long suffering (at the mercy of flood and drought) that makes the idea (of forcing the waters to do our bidding) so fascinating.此句的主干结牛勾 是 It is humankind’s long suffering. . . that makes the idea...so fascinating。被强调的成分是句子的主语 humankind‘s long suffering，谓语动词是 makes，宾语是 the idea,so fascinating 是宾语补足语括号中的表达是各自前面名词的后置定语。
【知识链接】humankind人类；suffering痛苦;at the mercy of在......的怜悯下，受......的摆布；flood 洪水；drought 干旱；bidding 命令；force sb. to do our bidding(命令）强迫某人 服从命令；fascinating令人着迷的。
2. Thus，in the American economic system it is the demands of individual consumers， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
【参考译文】在美国经济体制下，个体消费者的需求以及商人追求最大利润和个人追求最大收入的欲望，这两方面决定了生产什么以及资源的如何投入。
【结构分析】 Thus，in the American economic system it is the demands (of individual consumers)，(coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes ) ,that together determine {vuhat shall be produced } and {hozv resources are used to produce it}。
此句的主干是：In the American economic system? it is the demands...，...that together determine what...and how...;即：该句的被强调对象是句子主语the demands，谓语动词是determine，其后面的斜体表达分别是特殊疑问词what和how引导的名词从句，它们是并列关系，共同作谓语determine的宾语（即宾语从句）
此外，此句的理解难点在于被强调的成分，主语demands后面的第一个括号表达是介词短语 of...作后置定语，修饰demands;第二个括号表达coupled with...则是过去分词短语作非限制性定语，相当于（which are) coupled with...，即相当于非限制性定语从句的省略，对 demands作进一步补充说明；另外，在此部分中，斜体部分是各自前面desire的双重后置定语。
【知识链接】 economic system 经济体制；demand 要求，需求；individual 个体的；consumer消费者；coupled with 相当于 together with 和........起；desire 欲望；maximize 最大化；profit利润，利益，好处；determine决定；resource资源。
3. Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine，especially if it be wrapped in white paper by a clever chemist.
【参考译文】不仅仅是那些缺乏知识和没有受过教育的人们才对瓶装药物如此信赖，尤其是当瓶装药物由聪明的药剂师用内纸包装起来的时候。
【结构分析】 Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith (in the bottle of medicine)，especially if it he uura pl)ed in ivh ite paper by a clever chemist。此句的强调结构比较特殊，因为否定词Nor置于句首，句子的整体结构是倒装形式；被强调成分 the ignorant and ill-educated person在句子中是主语，谓语是has，such faith是宾语，括号中的介词in短语是前面faith的后置定语，句末斜体部分是if引导的条件状语从句，修饰谓语动 词has，表示其发生的条件此外，此从句为加强语气，从句的谓语动词采用了虚拟语气be的形式。
【知识链接】ignorant无知的；ill-educated缺乏教育的；have faith in信任；wrap包裹； chemist药剂师。
4. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming
【参考译文】所有这一切都表明对睡眠的打扰并非关键，关键的是对睡梦的打扰。
【结构分析】 The implications of all this were that it was not (the disturbance of sleep) that mattered，but (the disturbance of dreaming).
此句的主语是 The implications，谓语是系动词were，表语是紧随其后that引导的名词性从句（即表语从句），
主语后面的斜体表达o/ all tins是介词短语作主语的后置定语;强调结构出现在that引导的表语从句中，被强调对象the disturbance of sleep，是从句的主语，从句的谓语动词是mattered，末端的画线部分和主 |
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